Innovation Project: SRCA-203Development of e-resource on standard procedure of operation and applications of important Electronic devices used by undergraduate science students.Project Mentor: Prof. Mridula Gupta, Department of Electronics, South campus.Project Investigators: Dr Sneha Kabra, Dr Amita Kapoor, Ms Himani Dua,Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi.

1. Beckman Function Generator Fg2 Manual Dexterity Diagram
2. Beckman Function Generator Fg2 Manual Dexterity System
3. Beckman Function Generator Fg2 Manual Dexterity Pdf

INTRODUCTIONA function generator is a very versatile instrument that is used in electronics, mechanics, bioengineering, physics and many other fields. A wide variety of synthesized electrical signals and waveforms can be created for testing, repairing and diagnostic applications. It produces different types of waveforms such as sine, square, triangle and sawtooth over a wide range of frequencies.It can be implemented with basic expensive components.

The sawtooth wave and triangular-wave outputs of function generators are commonly used for those applications which need a signal that increases (or reduces) at a specific linear rate. They are also used in driving sweep oscillators in the X-axis of X-Y recorders oscilloscopes.

By providing a square wave for linearity measurements in an audio-system, a simultaneous sawtooth output maybe used to drive the horizontal deflection amplifiers of an oscilloscope, providing visual display of the measurement result. A triangular wave and a sine wave of equal frequencies can be produced simultaneously.

Beckman Function Generator Fg2 Manual Dexterity Diagram

If the zero crossing of both the waves are made to occur at the same time, a linearly varying waveform is available which can be started at the point of zero phase of a sine wave. The various outputs of generator can be made available at the same time e.

The generation can provide a square wave to test the linearity of an amplifier and simultaneously provide a sawtooth to drive the horizontal deflection amplifier of the CRO to provide display. The capability of phase locking is a specialty of function generator.HISTORYAnalog function generator was the first type to be developed. First models invented in the early 1950s when digital technology was not widely used.Principle of operationThis is a specialized signal generator in which the frequency is controlled by varying the magnitude of current which drives the integrator where in other common instruments, frequency is controlled by varying the capacitor in the LC or RC circuit.Block diagram of function generatorThe frequency controlled voltage regulates two current sources shown in block diagram. The upper current source supplies constant current to the integrator whose output voltage increases linearly with time. According to the equation of the output signal voltage:An increase or decrease in the current increases or decreases the slope of the output voltage and hence controls the frequency. As the output of integrator reaches at a pre-determined maximum level on the positive slope of the output waveform the voltage comparator changes state.

This change of state cuts of the upper current supply and switches on the lower current supply. When output reaches a pre-determined minimum level on the negative slope of the output waveform the voltage comparator again changes states it switches on the upper current source and cuts off the lower current source. The lower current source supplies a reverse current to the integrator, so that its output decreases linearly with time.

Purchase windows vista recovery disc. Hence, triangular waveform is obtained at output. The comparator delivers a square wave voltage of the same frequency. The resistance diode network alters the slope of the triangular wave as its amplitude changes and produces a sine wave with less than 1% distortion. The output circuit of the function generator consists of two output amplifiers that provide two simultaneous, individually selected outputs of any of the waveform function.

Hence, waveforms- triangular, square and sine is obtained.CAPABILITY OF PHASE LOCKINGFunction Generator has a special capability of phase locking. By adjustment of the phase and the amplitude of the harmonics, almost any waveform may be produced by the summation of the fundamental frequency that is generated by one function generator and the harmonic generated by the other function generator.

One function generator may be used to phase lock a second function generator, and the two output signals can be displaced in phase by an adjustable amount. The fundamental frequency of one generator can be phase locked to a harmonic of other generator, by adjusting the amplitude and phase of the harmonic, almost any waveform can be generator by addition. This would enable the function generator to provide a much more accurate, or synchronized output.Types of function generatorThere are various types of generators who generates frequency, but specially function generator is of two types:. Analog. DigitalAnalog function generator:The analog function generators do not have the high frequency limitations on non-sinusoidal waveforms such as triangles and ramps as do the digital function generators. Analog function generators are simple and easy to use.Digital function generator:It utilizes digital technology to generate the waveforms. There are a number of techniques to do this, but the most versatile and most widely used technique for digital function generators is to use direct digital synthesis, DDS.DDS: Direct Digital SynthesisUsing direct digital synthesis (DDS), function generators are able to achieve 0.355 µHz(too much low values) of frequency precision.

DDS works by first storing a large repetitive waveform in on board memory. Single cycle of a waveform (sine, triangle, square, arbitrary) can be represented by exactly 16,384 points and stored into memory. Once the waveform is stored into memory, it can be generated at very precise frequencies. DDS uses a phase accumulator, a look-up table containing a digital representation of the waveform, and a DAC (Digital to analog convertor). The phase accumulator moves another position each time it receives a clock pulse.

Beckman Function Generator Fg2 Manual Dexterity System

The next position in the look-up table is then accessed giving the digital value for the waveform at that point. This digital value is then converted into an analog value using a digital to analog converter, DAC. At the output a low pass filter is connected, to get low frequencies.Advantages of digital function generatorsDigital function generators provides high level of accuracy and stability. A DDS based digital function generator generate much wider frequency range than an analog function generator. The disadvantage of the digital function generators is that they require a high performance Digital to Analogue Converter and other digital circuitry to operate. So they are more complicated and costly.ApplicationWhere there is a requirement of signals, function generator is used.

Beckman Function Generator Fg2 Manual Dexterity Pdf

They provide a variety of waveforms for testing electronic circuits at low powers. It is used to study the frequency response of any circuit.Experiments using function generatorsThere are many experiments that are done with the help of function generator e. To study the frequency response of low pass and high pass filter.